Coleridges Poetry in Conversation - Literature Essay Samples

Coleridges Poetry in ConversationNothing about Samuel Coleridges conversation poems is conventionally conversational. These poems do not create a dialogue between two characters, but instead focus on an internal dialogue that Coleridges personas have with themselves. For Coleridge, conversation is a personal, individual action. In Sonnet to the River Otter and Frost at Midnight the personas philosophize to themselves about themselves, but their physically present human counterparts are unnecessary to the thoughtful commentary. As the river and the infant child exist in these poems they are merely objects that initiate the personas internal dialogues. Both poems feature an evocation of the object that quickly gives way to personal ruminations: Dear native brook! wild streamlet of the West! (Coleridge, Sonnet to the River Otter, 1), and My babe so beautiful! it thrills my heart / With tender gladness, thus to look at thee, (Frost at Midnight, 48-49). The lines following these mark a tu rn inside the persona to his own thoughts that have nothing to do with the subject he called upon. In Frost at Midnight, the persona considers his own cloistered childhood, and in River Otter, the focus becomes the personas experiences at the river and his own loss of childhood innocence and its ramifications. Neither of these conversations completely departs from a conversational form, nor do they maintain a conventional, back and forth, persona-to-subject quality, which leaves the reader in the position of a listener to the speakers thoughts. We become a part of the poem, an aspect of Coleridges thought process, and thereby are immersed in the worlds he laments.As the speaker uses the word thy (lines 4, 8, 9, 11), four times in the short River Otter, the reader becomes the second person to whom the speaker refers. Coleridge asks us to become the river and hear the personas thoughts as the river would, if it were able to hear at all. The river is then a substitute for a human subje ct, which forces us to play its part. Once the reader becomes the river, Coleridge is able to converse with us as if we were the counterparts of the conversation. He is then able to have an ongoing debate with the reader that is timeless and outside of the boundaries of conventional conversation. He has broken the rules of interpersonal communication to make it something mystical. And with the freedom to speak one-on-one with all readers, he then contemplates lost childhood, aging and emotion. This contemplation appears in the following passage:What happy, and what mournful hours, since lastI skimmed the smooth thin stone along thy breast,Numbering its light leaps! yet so deep imprestSink the sweet scenes of childhood (3-6).Again, the thy in line four calls upon the reader to be the river, placing us in the position of direct listener to the personas lamentation. Once in this position, the reader receives lines five and six in which the speaker considers the loss of childhood innoce nce as payment for growing up. The diction connotes this payment through the word imprest, which is defined as to advance or lend (Oxford English Dictionary). This definition would have been current during Coleridges time, as references appear in the OED for the years 1780 and 1810. By considering childhood a loan, the persona raises the argument that innocence must be given back to nature in a sort of transactional way. All losses of innocence are then something contractual that we must both expect and honor as we grow older. These last two lines become advice from the speaker to the reader, warning us that we will lose our innocence, and that we must expect it as we would expect to pay off a loan. Despite this conversational warning to the reader, the speaker then laments this loss, seemingly in spite of himself: Visions of childhood! oft have ye beguiled / Lone manhoods cares, yet waking fondest sighs: (12-13). This sad consideration of the loss asserts the conversational quality of the poem by humanizing the speaker. It makes him not only a knowledgeable advisor to the reader, but also a living, feeling human being who understands the complexity of letting go of innocence for the responsibilities of adulthood. Lone manhoods cares especially asserts his humanity by hearkening back to the use of imprest. The speaker acknowledges that not only must a man pay his childhood to gain age and responsibility; he must also continue to pay life for all he gains, whether that is in labor or finance. Coleridges personal financial situation comes directly into play here he wandered Europe living in hostels, earning very little through the sale of his poems and living in poverty, which made his early adulthood trying at best. He speaks to readers through the persona about a personal aspect of his life, which breaks the boundary between poet and reader that was built by previous poets. There is a one-on-one conversation occurring between Coleridge and his reader, an emo tional outburst. For Coleridge, the conversation within the poem extends beyond the words on the page. Instead, it flows out to the reader even further, creating conversation with its content.Frost at Midnight opens with a similar conversational quality that inadvertently calls upon the reader once again to be the external listener to the speakers thoughts:The Frost performs its secret ministry,Unhelped by any wind. The owlets cryCame loud-and hark, again! loud as before.The inmates of my cottage, all at rest,Have left me to that solitude, which suitsAbtruser musings: (Frost at Midnight, 1-6).As the speaker states in line three, and hark, again, he seems to be calling for the attention of someone not present to hear the cry of the owls outside. He clearly also says that all the inmates of my cottage, all at rest (3), begging the question of why he tries to illicit anyones attention to the call of the owls. The speaker asks the reader, instead of the denizens of the cottage, to hear the owl with him. The hark is a call for the reader to join in the conversation that unfolds in the subsequent lines as abtruser musings (6). Other dialectal phrases arise throughout the first two sections of the poem that indicate the speakers attempt to connect with the reader in conversation. On line 17, Methinks calls specific attention to the personas thought, which would be unnecessary if he did not expect the reader to also be thinking independent of himself. But O! (24, break) also calls the readers attention to the personas voice. It would be superfluous to call his own attention to his own thought, and with no other listener stated at this early point in Frost, it must be an evocation of the reader to enter the poetic discourse. Coleridge wants again to break the rule that the reader and poet must be separate entities on two sides of the writing process, and instead intends to incorporate the audience in his theories of the magic in the fluttering piece of soot. The film ( 15), is not the focus of the poem, but acts as a catalyst for the dreams and childhood memories of the persona. As childhood becomes prevalent, Awed by the stern preceptors face, mine eye / Fixed with mock study on my swimming book: (37-38), and My playmate when we both were clothed alike! (43), the persona turns away from the reader and his thoughts about the floating soot to his child. This shift shows the volatility of conversation, as now a baby takes precedent over the reader who was so warmly welcomed into the beginning of the poem. However, the persona comments on the beauty of the baby in line 48, stating My babe so beautiful! and thereby calling on the reader to agree and observe. Again we are incorporated directly into the discourse, and Coleridge allows us access to the cottage and the people within. By invoking the baby, the speaker is easily able to advance his theory on education and the nature of schooling throughout childhood to the reader as well. The baby takes som e of the readers attention away from the conversation by presenting a new object on which to concentrate. But considering that a baby, and a sleeping baby at that, would have no way of hearing the ideas the speaker proclaims, the content must be intended specifically for the reader. Consider this passage:And mountain crags: so shalt thou see and hearThe lovely shapes and sounds intelligibleOf that eternal language, which thy GodUtters, who from eternity doth teachHimself in all, and all things in himself. (58-62).The speaker believes that God teaches us everything we need to know, the eternal language, through nature (i.e. mountain crags). Previously he mentions, By lakes and sandy shores (55), which also exemplifies the natural greatness that is supposed to teach us all we need to know. It seems fairly obvious that the persona wants to explain the power of nature as a replacement for the stern preceptor (37), declaring that nature is the eternal language, which thy God / Utters. On es attention gravitates to the language because it is too complex for a father to say to his baby, even if the child were awake. If the content of his ponderings is actually intended for the baby, they seem too formal linguistically. Instead, the persona speaks to the reader through the baby and in so doing forwards his belief that nature is the ultimate teacher to an entire audience of literate adults. Coleridge uses the conversational properties of the poem to present his readers with his theory, once again breaking down the wall between poet and audience. He opens the discourse to readers by speaking to a subject, the baby, with no voice of its own. Calling Coleridges Frost at Midnight and Sonnet to the River Otter conversation poems seems at first inaccurate. There is no actual conversation taking place inside either text, and the subjects of the poems have no voices or opinions to share with the personas. They are placeholders designed to make a spot in the poetic discourse for the reader. Coleridge invites us into these poems with diction such as thy, Methinks, and hark. Once the reader is inside the poem, and part of the conversation, Coleridge states his beliefs on the nature of childhood, nature, and dreaming through his personae. He addresses natures influence on man and the debts we must pay as we move from childhood into adulthood, but allows us to continue the discussion outside the textual boundaries of the poem and the page. Coleridges conversation poems are indeed conversations, albeit in an unconventional sense. He allows us into his work and lets us consider and add to it, thereby shattering preconceptions about the separation between poet and audience. Works CitedColeridge, Samuel Taylor. Frost at Midnight. 1798. The Longman Anthology of British Literature. Vol. 2A. Ed. David Damrosch. New York: Longman, 2003. 562-563.- Sonnet to the River Otter. 1797. The Longman Anthology of British Literature. Vol. 2A. Ed. David Damrosch. New York: Lon gman, 2003. 522.

Movie Review Sense And Sensibility Essay - 680 Words

Movie Review: Sense and Sensibility Ang Lee, who directed, and Emma Thompson, who adapted the screenplay, have done an excellent job of bringing Jane Austens Victorian novel, Sense and Sensibility, to the movie screen. The movies collection of actors are a joy to watch as they bring out the emotions of an otherwise polite and reserved era in time. The production work is top notch with bright, cascading photography that sets a romantic quot;I wish I was therequot; setting. The purpose of the Sense and Sensibility is to bring out the romance in all of us and show us that Austens philosophy of love exists today as much as it did two centuries ago. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sense and Sensibility could rightly be classified as a†¦show more content†¦Kate Winslet plays the wild, fatally romantic Marianne who cannot control her feelings. Opposite her is the experienced Emma Thompson who plays the reserved, intelligent Eleanor who is far more sensitive than she ever lets on. These two sisters embark on a romantic adventure that finds them searching for the right man. The two actors compliment each other with their opposite nature which balances the story perfectly. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Yet, as wonderful as these two characters are, Alan Rickmans Brandon is the core of Sense and Sensibility. His performance is eloquent and beautifully controlled but you can tell the torment he fights inside. His voice may be confident and steady, but his eyes alert you to his true emotions. Brandons heartache touches you at the core but this heartache makes him more regal because of his perseverance. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hugh Grant compliments this array of actors by giving the film some classical slapstick comedy. He fits perfectly against the reserved Emma Thompson who will occasionally bring out that wide smile after one of Grants humorous anecdotes. 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Abortion Legal Or Illegal - 953 Words

Abortion: Legal or Illegal? To this day, the debate on whether or not abortion should be legal continues to divide Americans. The name of this article is, â€Å"Should Abortion be Legal?† written by ProCon.org. Pro-choice and pro-life are the two opposing sides. Pro-choice is the pro-abortion group, and pro-life is the anti-abortion group. The two sides disagree about whether the rights of the woman or the fetus are more important, and they also disagree about the impacts on women’s health and on society and crime rates. The first state to criminalize abortion was Connecticut, in the year of 1821. It banned any type of sales of the abortion-inducing poison to women. However, the women who took the poison were never penalized. Penalization for the women began in 1845 when New York disapproved a women’s cooperation in her abortion. In the early 1900s most states have banned abortion, and by 1965, all 50 states prohibited abortion. On January 22, 1973 a trial by the name of Roe v. Wade, was held and stated most state abortion laws to be unlawful. In 1976, a bill was passed by Congress, alongside an amendment, known as the â€Å"Hyde Amendment,† to end medical funding for abortions. The topic of abortion rose up in 2010 US Congress health care debate. From the Roe v. Wade case through the year of 2005, more than 45 million legal abortions were conducted; making it an average of about 1.3 million abortions per year. Studies show that one out of five pregnancies end in abortion. WomenShow Mor eRelatedAbortion : Legal Or Illegal?2675 Words   |  11 PagesMichael Paladino English â€Å"Abortion: Legal or Illegal?† Prior to the famous Roe vs. Wade case in 1973, abortion was legal in 20 states and illegal in the remaining 30. After the case, the Supreme Court decided to legalize abortion. 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Ethical Issues with Sweatshops free essay sample

Newkirk Remember when you were at the mall the last time and saw a pair of Nike shoes that you just couldn’t live without? You had to buy them, for a pricey cost, and just loved them, right? We all have owned a pair or two of Nike shoes in our life. They were the â€Å"cool† shoes to have back when I was in school. The thing that we may not have known is that Nike has been using â€Å"children as young as fifteen years old† (Jennings, 2012) as employees to make these shoes. In the following report I am going to go over some major ethical issues regarding using underage children and women in foreign countries for labor. I will tell about what the conditions that these people have to work in to get paid barely enough to survive from one day to the next. The first topic that I would like to talk about is a quote coming from Nike when questioned about the conditions of their facilities and the employees that they had working in them. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Issues with Sweatshops or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The quote was â€Å"We’re damned if we do because we exploit. We’re damned if we don’t because these foreign economies don’t develop. Who’s to know what’s right? † (Jennings, 2012) Well, let’s answer that question. First of all you are not damned if you make your product out of the country. Sure, as Americans we would like the opportunity to have the business be here where we could benefit from the jobs that it would create, but we also understand the need to help these other countries build and grow. Second, how is it helping these other countries if you are taking their children out of school at the age that they are able to work in a factory? Jennings, 2012) Wouldn’t the better way to help these countries be to pay them a fair wage and help their children get a good education so that they can grow up to help build their country the way that we are wanting them to? And finally, I don’t know who to say is right in this case, but I do know that Nike was found to â€Å"make women run laps around the factory for wearing no regulation shoes to work; payment of subminimum wages; physical beatings, including with shoes, by factory supervisors; and most employees were women between the ages of fifteen and twenty eight years old. (Jennings, 2012) After having that information, I think I can safely say that Nike cannot possibly think that they should be the ones that people think are right in this situation. Now, let’s go over child labor in general and if it should be allowed. I personally could never employ a child that was under the age of 15 whether it was legal or not. By making these children work in the conditions that they make them work in, for the pay that they give them for this work is not an ethical decision that I could ever live with. In a story about child labor that I found it stated that â€Å"In the 1990s, child labour has found a new niche in the rapidly expanding export industries of some developing countries. In one small carpet factory in Asia, children as young as five were found to work from 6 in the morning until 7 at night for less than 20 cents a day. † (Child Rights, 1995) Can you imagine you five year old child going to work and working for 13 hours? These children have absolutely no childhood and are giving up their education to work so that their families can survive. I think that it is important to have a limit to the hours that a person is allowed to work in one week and that there should be a required minimum wage. Even if it were not a law, if I owned my own company I would have these standards in place for every employee that I hired. While it is important for a company to make a profit, I believe that it is also important for their employees to be healthy and safe in their working environment. When it comes to the wages that are being paid, if you are not up to a standard of income that is expected or needed from employees, they are going to go and try to find work somewhere else. If this happens the turnover rate at the company would be incredibly high, therefore causing the company to lose money in the long run. If you are constantly having to hire and train more people you are taking time away from the product that should be being made. So, if you want to keep happy employees that are devoted to the company that they are working for and making a product that is up to standards that are wanted by the company then they should pay them a respectable wage and keep the hours at the amount that you would expect to work yourself. One of the things that I have stated a few times in this report already is that children are not getting the education that they should be getting because they are being taken out of school to work in these factories or they are just not being sent to a school to begin with. I would make it a top priority to make educational opportunities for these children in these countries if I had a business there. I think that it is important that these countries continue to grow and prosper to get as close to the conditions that we live in here in the United States. There is no way that this can happen if we are not sending their children to school. They will have no way to know what to do to run a successful business, only to work nonstop in them. How are they ever going to learn the necessities this way? In today’s businesses they are not thinking about this. They are thinking that they can continue to send the employees here from the United States over there to run the businesses. In which case they will never be an independent society able to function on their own. I think that the reason that society focused so much on the Kathi Lee Gifford and Nike issues are because of the fame that they already have and the popularity of the products that they are selling. We see Kathy Lee Gifford as a wholesome all American Actress that we all love. We all loved the fact that she made a clothing line, and then sold it in an affordable place such as Wal-Mart. Then we realize that the clothes that we love and are finding affordable are being made in sweatshops in Guatemala. Of course this is going to upset people because it is something that no one would have suspected. When it comes to Nike, it is the company that every athlete endorsed and wears most of the time. It is probably one of the most recognizable shoe companies in the United Stated today. I think that the thing that upsets people the most is that it is such an â€Å"American† known shoe, that people feel that it should being produced in America. So as we have learned in this report is that if you want happy, healthy employees, you need to treat them right and pay them the wages that they are actually earning. Also, children are our future and if we want our future to be prosperous and continue that way we need to make sure that they are getting the education that they need to run things when we are no longer here. Bibliography Child Rights. (1995). Retrieved 4 1, 2012, from Children pay high price for cheap labour: http://www. unicef. org/pon95/chil0016. html Jennings, M. M. (2012). Business Ethics. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.

War Literature free essay sample

An analysis of All Quiet On the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque This paper reviews the book as war literature. The author introduces the reader to the many war crimes, giving an insight into the dark side of the psyche of man, and his inhumanity to his fellowman. This war had a dramatic effect upon the soldiers. An example of this is when Paul talks about a fellow soldier in the trenches. The first recruit seems to have gone completely crazy. If we let go of him he butts his head against the wall like a goat. The intensity of the combat these soldiers encountered caused physical and mental anguish that was indelible in nature. These traumatic experiences burnt images into their minds permanently, causing these poor victims of war to relive these memories in their mind over and over again. To see their own limbs being blown off or those of their compatriots in arms. We will write a custom essay sample on War Literature or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Or being faced with images that no human should see, let alone commit. Forced to bury their emotions, their humanity, and sometimes their very faith itself. They had to suppress their emotions, or the pain of war would be too much to bear. Paul and many others were riddled with guilt and felt inhuman, but this was the survival of the fittest they told themselves they were soldiers, no longer human beings and the killing of conscience became the saddest death of all.

Siddhartha

Siddhartha had one single goal in life. His goal is to become empty, to become empty of thirst, desire, dreams, pleasure and sorrow - to let the Self die. No longer to be Self, to experience the peace of an emptied heart, to experience pure thought - that was his goal. When all the Self was conquered and dead, when all passions and desires were silent, then the last must awaken, the innermost of Being that is no longer Self - the great secret Siddhartha, according to his actions, was constantly in search for knowledge, regardless of what kind, or what he had to do to obtain it. In the book titled Siddhartha, by Herman Hesse, this is shown to us by Siddhartha's leaving home to join the Samanas, and all the actions leading to his residence alongside the river. Leaving his family and home everyone loved him, showed that Siddhartha not only knew what he wanted in life, but will do anything to attain it. Siddhartha did not leave his father's chambers until he had gotten his way, until his father had submitted to Siddhartha's wishes and agreed to let him leave home to join the Samanas. This stubbornness, this patience with people and situations is also a large part of Siddhartha's character. It enables him to out wait anyone or anything, which teaches him how to do without and also helps him through his time with the Samanas. "Siddhartha learned a great deal from the Samanas he learned many ways of losing the Self". Despite the new knowledge he acquired, Siddhartha realized that it was only " . . . a temporary palliative against the pain and folly of life". His next decision was to leave the Samanas and go in search of the Buddha in order to learn perhaps something he did not already know. Through this learned that Siddhartha, having !all tha t is possible in one place, moves to another in search for more wisdom in search for the secret of how to obtain inner peace, how to find the Self. This action also shows his change by showing ...

Environmental Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 1

Environmental Law - Essay Example Concerning the marine environment, in recent years, several projects and political actions at national and international level have been advanced in order to reduce the effects of water pollution. Preserving and improving the marine environment requires the achievement of a good ecological status of waters, without which the aquatic ecosystem and the human activities of marine coastal zones could be strongly at risk. This is the proposal of EU Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) which represents a major advance in European policy with the concepts of classes of water quality and water management. Irrespective of this it is found that European water is still polluted. This paper aims at assessing the effectiveness of EC law on water quality and pollution. The UK’s membership of the EC has had important consequences for the UK with regard to improvements in water quality and the regulation of water pollution. The European Commission has been very active in drawing up a series of water-related directives which, when passed by the European Parliament, must then be transposed into national law. ... actual or intended use of the relevant waters (quality objective of receiving waters) The EC has had, and continues to have, a major impact on water quality and waterpollution control in the UK. Over the last three decades, EC has passed a range ofdirectives designed to prevent discharges of pollutants into the aquatic environment and also to establish quality standards for waters which are used for drinking, bathingand fishing. Often, the EC adopts a 'framework directive' to set up a specific controlregime and then, over time, supplements this with 'daughter directives' which setlimits for the presence of chemical substances in different types of waters (that is,drinking, bathing and fishing). Member States are given a set period of time totranspose the relevant EC directive into national law and achieve actual compliancewith the specific provisions of the directive. EC legislation on water pollution The legislation on water pollution is probably the most highly developed branch ofEC environmental law and most certainly has the longest history. Approximately 30directives concern water. The directives adopt two main approaches to pollutioncontrol: (1) the imposition of limits or restrictions upon the emission or discharge ofparticular pollutants into the water media; and (2) the establishment of quality standards for particular designated types of water.The outcome of this dual approach has been a somewhat peacemeal body of law. The directives on water pollution share several common features: The use of dual lists described as 'I' and 'G'3 which require member states to setwater standards which do not fall below 'I' limit and which should aim to achieve'G' standards.A